Industry 4.0 refers to the fourth Industrial Revolution, sometimes abbreviate 4IR. The term is commonly attributed to Klaus Schwab, the founder of the World Economic Forum around 2015.  Industry 4.0 is an umbrella term referring to many software and hardware technologies but are generally characterized by increased data connectivity between systems, the application of AI/ML, cloud computing, IoT, 5G communication, 3D printing, augmented reality, etc.  Other associated terms are Smart Manufacturing, Smart Industry, Smart Factory, and Factory of the Future.